{"id":2403,"date":"2021-12-13T02:54:59","date_gmt":"2021-12-13T05:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mastertrend.info\/?p=2403"},"modified":"2026-06-23T00:37:57","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T03:37:57","slug":"anakart-tamiri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mastertrend.info\/tr\/reparacion-de-placas-madres\/","title":{"rendered":"Diz\u00fcst\u00fc Bilgisayar Anakart\u0131 Onar\u0131m\u0131 \u2013 Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Te\u015fhis"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kendin Yap K\u0131lavuzu \u00b7 Anakart Tamiri<\/div>\n

Anakart onar\u0131m\u0131: Diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 tamirciye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeden \u00f6nce sorunlar\u0131 nas\u0131l te\u015fhis edebilirsiniz?<\/h2>\n

Diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131yorsa, aniden kapan\u0131yorsa, \u015farj olmuyorsa veya g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc vermiyorsa, sorun anakarttan kaynaklan\u0131yor olabilir. Bu k\u0131lavuz, belirtileri nas\u0131l tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, g\u00fcvenli sorun giderme i\u015flemlerini nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011finizi ve k\u0131sa devre yapm\u0131\u015f kapasit\u00f6rler, hasarl\u0131 MOSFET'ler, bozuk BIOS, ar\u0131zal\u0131 voltaj reg\u00fclat\u00f6rleri ve BGA sorunlar\u0131 gibi yayg\u0131n ar\u0131zalar\u0131 nas\u0131l anlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Anakart nedir ve neden ar\u0131zalan\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

The anakart<\/a>Anakart, di\u011fer ad\u0131yla ana devre kart\u0131, bir bilgisayar\u0131n ana devre kart\u0131d\u0131r. modern defter<\/a>\u0130\u015flemciyi, RAM'i, depolama birimini, ekran\u0131, klavyeyi, \u015farj sistemini, USB portlar\u0131n\u0131, sesi, a\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7 devrelerini birbirine ba\u011flar ve koordine eder.<\/p>\n

Anakartta yaln\u0131zca tek bir voltaj bulunmaz. \u015earj cihaz\u0131 giri\u015fi, pil hatt\u0131, bekleme voltajlar\u0131, i\u015flemci g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131, bellek g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131, 3.3V ve 5V hatlar\u0131 ve bilgisayar\u0131n tasar\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak di\u011fer reg\u00fcle edilmi\u015f voltajlar gibi bir\u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 hatt\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle, bir bile\u015fendeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ar\u0131za, t\u00fcm diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir.<\/p>\n

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Elektrik ar\u0131zalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Seramik kondansat\u00f6rlerde k\u0131sa devreler, hasarl\u0131 MOSFET'ler, ar\u0131zal\u0131 reg\u00fclat\u00f6rler, a\u00e7\u0131k devre sigortalar, yanm\u0131\u015f konekt\u00f6rler veya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f elektrik hatlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Mant\u0131ksal hatalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bozuk BIOS\/UEFI, yanl\u0131\u015f g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f bellenim, kilitli EC\/KBC, bellek hatalar\u0131, ba\u015flatma sorunlar\u0131 veya karars\u0131z yap\u0131land\u0131rma.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Fiziksel ar\u0131zalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Darbeler, plaka b\u00fck\u00fclmesi, \u00e7atlam\u0131\u015f lehim ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131, hasarl\u0131 devre izleri, nem, s\u00fclfatla\u015fma, y\u0131rt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f konekt\u00f6rler veya ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan hasarlar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Termal ar\u0131zalar<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma, bozulmu\u015f termal macun, t\u0131kal\u0131 so\u011futucu, kirli \u0131s\u0131 emici veya belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ar\u0131zalanan \u00e7ipler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Bu k\u0131lavuzun odak noktas\u0131:<\/strong> Ama\u00e7, geli\u015fmi\u015f onar\u0131m\u0131 basit bir i\u015f haline getirmek de\u011fil, g\u00fcvenli bir revizyon ile alet, uzmanl\u0131k ve risk y\u00f6netimi gerektiren bir tezgah m\u00fcdahalesi aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yapman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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Anakart ar\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n belirtileri<\/h2>\n

Diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar\u0131 a\u00e7madan \u00f6nce, tam olarak nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemek iyi bir fikirdir. \u0130ki diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar \"a\u00e7\u0131lmayabilir\", ancak tamamen farkl\u0131 nedenleri olabilir: ar\u0131zal\u0131 bir \u015farj cihaz\u0131, k\u0131sa devre yapm\u0131\u015f bir pil, hasarl\u0131 bellek, bozuk bir BIOS veya anakart \u00fczerindeki dahili bir devrede k\u0131sa devre.<\/p>\n

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Belirti<\/th>\nMuhtemel nedenler<\/th>\n\u0130lk olarak neyi kontrol etmeli?<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131yor, \u0131\u015f\u0131klar veya fan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor.<\/td>\nAr\u0131zal\u0131 \u015farj cihaz\u0131, hasarl\u0131 DC giri\u015fi, a\u00e7\u0131k sigorta, k\u0131sa devre yapm\u0131\u015f giri\u015f MOSFET'i, ana hat ar\u0131zas\u0131.<\/td>\nUyumlu bir \u015farj cihaz\u0131 deneyin, ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin ve g\u00fcvenliyse dahili pili \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor ve hemen ard\u0131ndan kapan\u0131yor.<\/td>\nK\u0131smi k\u0131sa devre, g\u00fc\u00e7 korumas\u0131, bozuk BIOS, ar\u0131zal\u0131 bellek, CPU\/GPU sorunu veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 t\u00fcketim<\/td>\nMinimum \u00f6ny\u00fckleme, bellek, dahili \u00e7evre birimlerinin ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesi ve g\u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcketimi kontrol\u00fc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
I\u015f\u0131klar a\u00e7\u0131k ama g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc yok.<\/td>\nEkran, esnek kablo, bellek, BIOS, entegre\/harici GPU, arka \u0131\u015f\u0131k veya video devresi<\/td>\nHarici monit\u00f6r, parlakl\u0131k, RAM, ekran kablosu ve POST sinyalleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pil \u015farj olmuyor.<\/td>\nPil bitmi\u015f, yanl\u0131\u015f \u015farj cihaz\u0131, hasarl\u0131 \u015farj devresi, \u015farj cihaz\u0131 tan\u0131mlama sens\u00f6r\u00fc, \u015farj MOSFET'i<\/td>\nPil durumu, orijinal\/uyumlu \u015farj cihaz\u0131, DC konekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve BIOS mesajlar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y\u00fck alt\u0131nda donuyor veya yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/td>\nY\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k, karars\u0131z VRM, \u00e7atlak lehim ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131, bellek, SSD, BIOS veya dahili g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131.<\/td>\nKontroll\u00fc y\u00fck alt\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131klar, temizlik, bellek, depolama ve test i\u015flemleri.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Yan\u0131k kokusu, duman veya g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr \u015fekilde hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f par\u00e7a<\/td>\n\u015eiddetli k\u0131sa devre, yanm\u0131\u015f par\u00e7a, nem, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ak\u0131m veya k\u00f6t\u00fc yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nceki onar\u0131m.<\/td>\nKullanmay\u0131 derhal b\u0131rak\u0131n. Tekrar tekrar a\u00e7maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131n.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
Y\u00fcksek risk i\u015fareti:<\/strong> Duman, k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m, yan\u0131k kokusu, d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f s\u0131v\u0131, \u015fi\u015fmi\u015f pil veya k\u00f6m\u00fcrle\u015fmi\u015f bir alan varsa, ekipman\u0131 test etmeye devam etmeyin. Her \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma giri\u015fimi hasar\u0131 art\u0131rabilir ve hala kurtar\u0131labilecek bile\u015fenleri tehlikeye atabilir.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
\"Diz\u00fcst\u00fc
Anakart, g\u00fc\u00e7, kontrol, video, bellek, ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131 ve bile\u015fenler aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi bir araya getirir. Bu nedenle, te\u015fhis sezgisel olarak de\u011fil, a\u015famalar halinde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Defteri a\u00e7madan \u00f6nce g\u00fcvenli haz\u0131rl\u0131k<\/h2>\n

Anakart onar\u0131m\u0131, anakarta dokunmadan \u00f6nce ba\u015flar. Elektrostatik de\u015farj, yanl\u0131\u015f yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f metal bir alet veya i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u011fl\u0131 kalan bir pil, as\u0131l sorundan daha fazla hasara neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

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1. T\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7 kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kesin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilgisayar\u0131 kapat\u0131n, \u015farj aletini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ve modeliniz izin veriyorsa anakarta dokunmadan \u00f6nce dahili pili \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n. Modern diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlarda pil genellikle bilgisayar\u0131n i\u00e7indedir ve alt kapa\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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2. Antistatik kontrol \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mod\u00fclleri, konekt\u00f6rleri veya kart\u0131 kullanmadan \u00f6nce topraklanm\u0131\u015f bir antistatik bileklik tak\u0131n veya en az\u0131ndan topraklanm\u0131\u015f bir metal y\u00fczeye dokunarak statik elektri\u011fi bo\u015falt\u0131n. Statik biriktiren sentetik giysilerden, hal\u0131lardan ve masalardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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3. Vidalar\u0131 ve ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 belgeleyin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Her ad\u0131m\u0131 foto\u011fraflay\u0131n. Bir\u00e7ok diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarda farkl\u0131 uzunluklarda vidalar kullan\u0131l\u0131r; uzun bir viday\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f yere takmak anakart\u0131 delebilir veya i\u00e7 bile\u015fenlere bask\u0131 yapabilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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4. Esnek kablolar\u0131 veya konekt\u00f6rleri zorlamay\u0131n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Klavye, dokunmatik y\u00fczey, ekran, ses ve d\u00fc\u011fmeler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan esnek kablolarda genellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck klipsler bulunur. Bunlar\u0131 zorlamak, anakart \u00fczerindeki konekt\u00f6r\u00fc k\u0131rabilir ve basit bir sorunu karma\u015f\u0131k bir onar\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Minimum \u00f6nerilen ara\u00e7lar:<\/strong> Uygun tornavidalar, plastik spatula, antistatik c\u0131mb\u0131z, b\u00fcy\u00fcte\u00e7, kaliteli izopropil alkol, antistatik f\u0131r\u00e7a, dijital multimetre ve iyi bir ayd\u0131nlatma gereklidir. Devre kart\u0131 onar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca ak\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131 bir laboratuvar g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131, lehimleme istasyonu, s\u0131cak hava istasyonu, lehim pastas\u0131, mikroskop ve SMD deneyimi de gereklidir.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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Plak olu\u015fumuna m\u00fcdahale edilmeden yap\u0131lan ilk te\u015fhis<\/h2>\n

Bile\u015fenleri de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden \u00f6nce, harici ar\u0131zalar\u0131 elemek tavsiye edilir. Anakart\u0131 hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir\u00e7ok diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar asl\u0131nda \u015farj cihaz\u0131, pil, RAM, SSD, ekran veya dahili \u00e7evre birimleri ile ilgili sorunlar nedeniyle ar\u0131zalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1. \u015earj cihaz\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7 konekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol edin.<\/h3>\n

\u015earj cihaz\u0131n\u0131n voltaj, watt ve ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uyumlu oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Do\u011fru voltaja sahip ancak yetersiz watt de\u011ferine sahip bir \u015farj cihaz\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131k yakabilir ancak yine de arac\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir. Ayr\u0131ca, DC konekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn gev\u015fek, ezilmi\u015f, paslanm\u0131\u015f veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nma belirtileri g\u00f6sterip g\u00f6stermedi\u011fini kontrol edin.<\/p>\n

2. Minimum d\u00fczeyde bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bdeneyin.<\/h3>\n

M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, gerekli olmayan \u00e7evre birimlerini ay\u0131r\u0131n: SSD\/HDD, optik s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, geni\u015fletme kartlar\u0131, klavye, dokunmatik y\u00fczey, Wi-Fi kart\u0131 ve USB ayg\u0131tlar\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan, en az bile\u015fenlerle \u00f6ny\u00fckleme yapmay\u0131 deneyin: anakart, i\u015flemci, bellek, harici monit\u00f6r veya ekran ve uyumlu g\u00fc\u00e7 adapt\u00f6r\u00fc. Davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015firse, \u00e7evre birimlerinden biri \u00f6ny\u00fckleme i\u015flemini engelliyor olabilir.<\/p>\n

3. RAM ve depolama alan\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/h3>\n

Ar\u0131zal\u0131 bir RAM mod\u00fcl\u00fc siyah ekrana, yeniden ba\u015flatmalara veya hata kodlar\u0131na neden olabilir. Diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir bellek varsa, sa\u011flam oldu\u011fu bilinen bir mod\u00fcl deneyin ve ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice temizleyin. Ar\u0131zal\u0131 depolama birimi genellikle sistemin \u00f6ny\u00fcklenmesini engeller, ancak genellikle bilgisayar\u0131n logoyu g\u00f6stermesini veya BIOS'a girmesini engellemez.<\/p>\n

4. S\u0131cakl\u0131k ve temizli\u011fi kontrol edin.<\/h3>\n

Bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor ancak \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kapan\u0131yorsa, termal sistemi kontrol edin. T\u0131kal\u0131 bir fan, kirli bir so\u011futucu ve bozulmu\u015f termal macun, kapanmalara veya donmalara neden olabilir. Bu kontrol\u00fc, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki k\u0131lavuzumuzla tamamlayabilirsiniz. i\u015flemci s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Faydal\u0131 kural:<\/strong> Diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar ya\u015fam belirtileri g\u00f6steriyorsa, logo g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fcyorsa, BIOS'a giriyorsa veya bellek, pil veya \u00e7evre birimleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda davran\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik oluyorsa, anakart\u0131n tamamen bozuldu\u011funu varsaymak hen\u00fcz do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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Olas\u0131 k\u0131sa devre bulunan bir anakart nas\u0131l tespit edilir?<\/h2>\n

Anakartta k\u0131sa devre, g\u00fc\u00e7 hatt\u0131n\u0131n anormal derecede d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck diren\u00e7le topra\u011fa ba\u011flanmas\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fur. Bu durum, k\u0131sa devre yapm\u0131\u015f bir seramik kondansat\u00f6r, hasarl\u0131 bir MOSFET, ar\u0131zal\u0131 bir \u015farj kontrolc\u00fcs\u00fc, bir reg\u00fclat\u00f6r, ar\u0131zal\u0131 bir ana \u00e7ip veya s\u0131v\u0131 hasar\u0131 nedeniyle meydana gelebilir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rsel inceleme<\/h3>\n